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However, no significant differences were observed between the Kelo- cote and Contractubex groups. In the Vaseline group, scar tissue thicknesses showed a significant decrease, compared with the control groups.
ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that massage using a topical agent is helpful in the prevention of scar formation and that massage only with lubricant no use of a topical agent also has a considerable effect, although not as much as the use of a topical agent.
Thus, we recommend massage with a topical agent on the post-burn scar as an effective method for decreasing the scar thickness. Survey of tomato diseases in Cameroon. On-farm surveys were undertaken from November to October to identify nursery and field diseases in major tomato producing areas of Cameroon , Damping-off and seedling blights were the main seedling diseases.
Of the eleven diseases observed in the field, the most widely distributed and severe on the foliage and fruits were early Alternaria solani and late Phytophthora infestans blights. Late blight was the most severe disease in the wet season while early blight was most severe in the dry season.
Nine pathogens were associated with various fruit rots. This study indicates the need for an identification of appropriate control methods for early and late blights of tomato in Cameroon.
Approaches to mastering the uranium potential of Cameroon. Uranium deposits are spread over the five continents. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA estimation in , the global reserves of economically recoverable uranium are estimated at 4.
Brazil, Russia, China, India productions accounted for 9. Significant deposits also exist in Africa including Cameroon ; those currently in mining stage are in Namibia, Malawi, and Niger. Cameroon has significant mineral deposits such as gold, alluvial diamonds, iron, bauxite and uranium. All of them are still in the exploration stage. Although Cameroon has not launched a nuclear power programme, the mining of its uranium resources is considered as an important component of the national economy.
Many uranium occurrences have so far been discovered in Cameroon. The Cameroon Government is engaged in i the assessment of the U-ore resource through drilling, and ii the airborne geophysical survey of mining potentials areas. The result of these studies may lead to a better estimation of the national uranium potential. This paper aims at pointing out constraints to assess the uranium potential of Cameroon and proposes measures that could improve on the leveraging of exploitation of this mineral.
The Language Question in Cameroon. Full Text Available In multilingual Cameroon , indigenous languages live side by side with English and French the two official languages and Cameroon Pidgin English the main lingua franca. While the two official languages of colonial heritage dominate public life in the areas of education, administration, politics, mass media, publicity and literature, both the indigenous languages and Cameroon Pidgin English are relegated to the background. This paper is a critique of language policy in Cameroon revealing that mother tongue education in the early years of primary education remains a distant cry, as the possible introduction of an indigenous language in the school system is not only considered unwanted by educational authorities but equally combated against by parents who believe that the future of their children lies in the mastery of the official languages.
This persistent disregard of indigenous languages does not only alienate the Cameroonian child culturally, but further alienates the vast majority of Cameroonians who are illiterate in English and French since important State business is carried out in the official languages.
As regards the implementation of the policy of official language bilingualism, there is clear imbalance in the use of the two official languages as French continues to be the dominant official language while English is relegated to a second place within the State. The frustration that ensues within the Anglophone community has led in recent years to the birth of Anglophone nationalism, a situation that seems to be widening the rift between the two main components of the society Anglophones and Francophones, thereby compromising national unity.
The paper is divided into five major parts. After a brief presentation of the country, the author dwells on multilingualism and language policy since the colonial period. The third, fourth and last parts of the paper focus on the critique of language policy in Cameroon with emphasis first on.
To do so, the study first built a synthetic indicator of financial development through the principal component analysis technique PCA and used four energy sources such as electric power consumption, electricity production from renewable sources, electricity production from oil sources and electricity production from hydroelectric sources.
Then, employing the autoregressive distributed lag ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, we find that there is a long run relationship between financial development, economic growth and energy consumption sources.
Furthermore, the results of the vector error correction models VECM reveal unidirectional causality running from financial development to energy consumption sources, bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy consumption and unidirectional causality from financial development to economic growth in the long run. The mixed results are due to the use of different proxies for energy consumption. Accordingly, this paper recommends that policy makers should solicit the support of financial sector in order to solve energy problems and further the diversification of the energy consumption sources since financial development has a positive effect on energy consumption in long run.
State formation, religion, and land tenure in Cameroon. The purpose of this analytical bibliography is to provide an overview of the recently published social science literature on State formation, religion, and land tenure in Cameroon. The entries have been arranged under the following subject headings: The Cameroon State nation building, political.
This paper applies the regression-based inequality decomposition approach to explore determinants of income inequality in Cameroon using the Cameroon household consumption survey.
The contribution of each source to measured income inequality is the sum of its weighted marginal contributions in all possible Full Text Available For those exiled from Algeria during and after the Algerian War for Independence , sustaining memories of the homeland has been a consuming pastime. Marie Cardinal writes about food as a site of unity with the indigenous Algerian community and rejection from her colonial French family.
This essay demonstrates that the Pieds-Noirs can eat to remember Algeria , but the Algeria they knew can also prove to be inedible. Solar energy in the Northern Cameroon.
In , the Cameroon Ministry of the Environment and Forestry has initiated a research project for studying the promotion of renewable energies and their impact on rural development. This initiative comes when the electricity sector in Cameroon has been facing important changes Privatization of the national company of electricity, creation of a rural electrification agency, multiplication of the dialogues and seminars around the strategies of promotion for renewable energies, frequent black-outs during the dry season.
The first objective of the project is to contribute to a better knowledge of the situation of the use of renewable energies in Cameroon. Therefore, Mrs Marthe Djuikom undertook from July to September a socio-economic survey on the use of solar energy in the northern Cameroon. The next step will be the creation of an energy program at the CEDC with the following tasks: promotion of photovoltaic technology, support of local and international synergies on the organisational aspects, training, information and coordination of reflexions at the local level for the promotion of rural electrification projects.
Forest Genetic Resources Conservation and Management. When ordering your book please remember to write the country required on the email. Under five malnutrition crises in the Boko Haram Area of Cameroon Boko-Haram has increased their attacks along the Cameroon boarder in the Far North region of Cameroon since The prevalence of malnutrition in the north of Cameroon is high.
Regions like the Adamawa, North and Far North regions have a prevalence of malnutrition of 5. Economic development, mobility and traffic accidents in Algeria. The aim of this contribution is to estimate the impact of road economic conditions and mobility on traffic accidents for the case of Algeria. Using the cointegration approach and vector error correction model VECM , we will examine simultaneously short term and long-term impacts between the number of traffic accidents, fuel consumption and gross domestic product GDP per capital, over the period The main results of the estimation show that the number of traffic accidents in Algeria is positively influenced by the GDP per capita in the short and long term.
It implies that a higher economic development worsens the road safety situation. However, the new traffic rules adopted in have an impact on the forecast trend of traffic accidents, meaning efficient public policy could improve the situation. This result calls for a strong political commitment with effective countermeasures for avoiding the further deterioration of road safety record in Algeria.
This paper is a retrospective review of recorded rabies and antirabies activities in Cameroon from to to determine the current state of rabies in both dogs and humans. Rabies and antirabies activities were recorded every year in Cameroon through out the year study period with the highest values observed in Algeria : Country Status Report. A survey of the status of language usage in Algeria begins with an overview of the usage patterns of Arabic, the Berber languages, and French.
The country's return to Arabic as its official language after independence from France in is discussed along with the resultant language planning, issues of language of instruction at the elementary,…. Enzootic plague foci, Algeria. Multiple spacer typing confirmed a new Orientalis variant. Rodent survey should be reinforced in this country hosting reemerging plague.
Health Data Publication: No. Contents: Geography, climate, and population; People, language, and religion; Government, education , and socio-economic; Agriculture, animal Implementing a national early awareness and alert system for new and emerging health technologies in Italy: the COTE Project.
The aim of this study was to establish a national Early Awareness and Alert EAA system for the identification and assessment of new and emerging health technologies in Italy. Agreement with stakeholders was reached using three separate workshops. During the workshops, participants shared and agreed methods for identification of new and emerging health technologies, prioritization, and assessment.
The structure of the Horizon Scanning HS reports was discussed and defined. The main channels for dissemination of outputs were identified as the EuroScan database, and the stakeholders' Web portals. During the final workshop, Agenas presented the first three HS reports produced at national level and proposed the establishment of a permanent national EAA system.
An infrastructure to enable the stakeholders network to grow was created, methods to submit new and emerging health technologies for possible evaluation were established, methods for assessment of the technologies selected were defined, and the stakeholders involvement was delineated in the identification, assessment, and dissemination stages.
Country programme review Republic of Cameroon. A multi-disciplinary country programme review and programming mission was undertaken to the Republic of Cameroon , from 21 to 25 June This report reflects the findings and recommendations of the mission and falls into four sections. The first section describes the country profile and includes information about its economy and its development plans and policies.
The second reviews the Agency's past and present technical co-operation programmes in Cameroon. The third section deals with a sectoral programme and institutional review, and the fourth section presents possible future technical co-operation activities. Functioning and disability in recent research from Cameroon : a Introduction: People living with disabilities in Cameroon face many barriers to daily functioning and social participation.
However, there is limited research on disabilities and their impact. We sought to examine the research related to disability from Cameroon.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review, bibliometric Algeria as Postcolony? Rethinking the Colonial Legacy of Post-Structuralism. Full Text Available While there is little doubt that Algeria was of enormous importance to the theoretical output that is often recognized as French, here I would like to ask: what is at stake in re-inscribing these French intellectuals as postcolonial?
In what ways did the particularities of Algerian history impact French philosophy? Indeed, if the term postcolonial is meant to describe those who were influenced by events in Algeria , then an entire generation of French thinkers might be considered postcolonial to varying degrees.
Linguistic inequality in Cameroon : The case of advertising in Douala Linguistic inequality in Cameroon : The case of advertising in Douala. Much of Patterns of distribution, diversity and endemism of larger African Nov 17, Higher than National legislative and regulatory activities concern different subjects in relation with radiation protection and nuclear safety. Ionizing radiations, radioactive waste management food irradiation are texts presented for Algeria ; regulation on ionizing radiation dose limits and regulation on positions for ensuring nuclear safety and radiological protection and on radiological protection inspectors are the texts for the Poland; a detailed subject is presented by Romania with an order on methodological norms regarding planning, organisation and intervention in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency; nuclear third party liability for switzerland; law on the decision-making process applicable in the siting, design, and construction of nuclear installations and radioactive waste management facilities for Ukraine are some of emerging points found in this part.
October El Asnam, Algeria Images. Location: Northern Algeria. About 9, were injured. Full Text Available This study proposes to retrace Boko Haram atrocities in Cameroon as well as the history of international cooperation against the Islamist sect since the declaration of the war against it in Cameroon engages in a process of multilateralization of the challenges of counter-terrorism coopera-tion, which gives a new dimension to the action of the defense and security forces as well as the multi-lateralization of the stakes of cooperation.
The role of major powers and the countries of the subregion as well as the African Union and the United Nations is revealed. Cameroon is a traditional beneficiary of French military assistance. The author also shows that the war against Boko Haram seems to produce exceptional results that force both admiration and criticism of the Cameroonian people and the international community. Full Text Available The history of scientific development in Algeria , which has not been long, represents a series of continual rises and falls.
The Algerian leadership and researchers have been making efforts to create Algeria 's national science through protection from the western scientific tradition, which is reminiscent of the colonial period of the country, and at the same time adoption of scientific knowledge and scientific institutions functioning principles from abroad, with no organizational or scientific experience of their own.
Since the time the independent Algerian state was established, its scientific development has been inevitably coupled with active support of European countries, especially France, and other western and non-western states. Today the Algerian leadership is highly devoted to the modernization of the national scientific and research potential in strong cooperation with its foreign partners. The article concentrates on examining the present period the s of the scientific development in Algeria.
The main conclusion is that there still is a number of problems - for Algeria until now lacks an integral scientific community with the state preserving its dominating role in science and research activities. Despite these difficulties, the Algerian science has made an outstanding progress. The efficiently built organizational scientific structure, the growing science and technology cooperation with foreign countries as well as the increasing state expenses in science allow to hope for further success of the Algerian scientific development.
Promotion of renewable energies in Algeria : Strategies and perspectives. During the last few years, political support for renewable energies has been growing continuously both at the national and international level and most scientists now agree that the Middle East and North Africa MENA are perfectly placed to play a leading role in the lucrative future solar and wind power industries.
The interest for the development of renewable energies was perceived very early in Algeria with the creation of the solar energy institute as soon as Algeria plays a very important role in world energy markets, both as a significant hydrocarbons producer and exporter, as well as a key participant in the renewable energy market. Due to its geographical location, Algeria holds one of the highest solar reservoirs in the world.
This paper deals with a review of the present renewable energy RE situation and assessed present and future potential of RE sources in Algeria.
It also discusses the trends and expectation in solar and wind systems applications and the aspects of future implementation of renewable energies making emphasis on the Middle East and North Africa MENA region status.
The problem related to the use of RES and polices to enhance the use of these sources are also analysed in this paper. In addition the available capacity building, the technical know-how for each RE sources technology and localising manufacturing of RE equipments have been defined. Aedes Stegomyia albopictus Skuse , a potential new Dengue vector in southern Cameroon. Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector of Dengue virus, has been recorded for the first time in Cameroon. Entomologic surveys in demonstrated that it is widespread in southern Cameroon , colonizing a wide variety of breeding sites and biting humans in every district surveyed.
The presence of this vector increases the risk for emergence of dengue in Cameroon. Dentofacial injuries in contact sports in Yaounde, Cameroon. Background: Dentofacial injuries constitute serious problems among competitive and recreational athletes, worldwide.
Results: Of t Adolf Sandoz, an Orientalist Painter in Algeria. Full Text Available Adolf Karol Sandoz was a 19th-century Polish artist who spent his life and developed his artistic career in France. In Paris, he studied painting and architecture, and worked as a professional illustrator. He can also be linked with a circle of artist-travellers, who searched for new sources of inspiration in the Orient.
In and , Sandoz travelled in Algeria. He described his impressions from the first journey in vividly written memoires published by the Krakow journal "Czas". At present, his works emerge at art auctions, are known from reproductions, or only from descriptions. Sandoz exhibited in Paris, Warsaw, Krakow, and Lviv, where he was appreciated by art critics. It will also present the history of artistic travel to Algeria undertaken by 19th-century painters, including those from Poland.
Cash seeking behaviour and migration: a place-to-place migration function for Cote d'Ivoire. The results indicate that migration from a region responds differently to changes in cash and food income, which supports the idea that it is the composition of rural income, and not just its level, that determines migration flows. This program is in line with all projects the Algerian Government is implementing.
The role of women's secret societies in cameroon 's contemporary However, Takumbeng, a women's secret society from the North West Province of Cameroon came to prominence in the 's during the political upheaval Economic growth and electricity consumption in Cote d'Ivoire: Evidence from time series analysis.
This paper examines the causal relationship between the electric power industry and the economic growth of Cote d'Ivoire. Using the data from to , a test was conducted for the cointegration and Granger causality within an error correction model.
Results from these tests reveal a bidirectional causality between per capita electricity consumption and per capita GDP. A unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to industry value added appears in the short run. Economic growth is found to have great effects on electricity consumption and a reverse causality from electricity to economic growth may also appear.
In the long run, there is a unidirectional causality between electricity and both GDP and industry value added. From these findings, we conclude that the country will be energy dependent in the long run and must therefore secure the production network from shortfalls to ensure a sustainable development path.
Accordingly, government should adopt policies aimed at increasing the investment in the sector by stepping up electricity production from existing and new energy sources. Inventory and update on argasid ticks and associated pathogens in Algeria.
Argasid ticks include vectors of relapsing fevers caused by Borrelia spp. Knowledge about soft ticks Ixodida: Argasidae in Algeria is incomplete, and distribution data need to be updated. Here we report a series of entomologic investigations that we conducted in five different areas in Algeria between and Ticks were identified by entomologic keys and molecular tools 16S rRNA gene. Six distinct species belonging to two genera were identified, including Ornithodoros capensis s.
The present study highlights the distribution of soft ticks, the establishment of an update inventory with nine species and associated pathogens detected in argasid ticks in Algeria. The IUREP Orientation Phase Mission to Cameroon estimates the Speculative Resources of that country to be in the order of 10 tonnes uranium for syenite-associated U-deposits in southern Cameroon , and in the order of 5 tonnes uranium for uranium deposits associated with albitized and desilicified late tectonic Panafrican granites episyenite and Paleozoic volcanics in northern Cameroon.
No specific tonnage is given for Francevillian equivalents DJA-Series and for Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins, which are thought to hold limited potential for sandstone hosted uranium.
However the Douala basin, consisting of mixed marine and continental sequences merits some attention. No specific budget and programme for uranium exploration are proposed for Cameroon. Instead specific recommendations concerning specific potential environments and general recommendation concerning the methodology of exploration are made. The contractual and legal framework for petroleum exploration in Cameroon.
Cameroon has been a producer and net exporter of oil now for almost 15 years, although the country remains a minor player in the international oil industry. However, with its privileged location on the West African coast and an offshore oil industry which is centred on the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon has been, and remains, a regional oil producer of some importance.
Its purpose is to try to provide a setting which facilitates a proper understanding of the legal frame-work in which the petroleum industry operates in Cameroon , as well as an indication of the direction of government policy towards the further development and expansion of the industry.
But first, it will be useful to begin the discussion with an examination of the role of petroleum production in the national economy. Mount Oku, Cameroon Volcanic Line. Mount Cameroon , Central Africa : petrogenetic implications.
Economic growth and energy consumption in Algeria : a causality analysis. The purpose of this study is to review the causal link in the Granger sense, between energy consumption and economic growth in Algeria , to determine its implications for economic policy.
The analysis was done based on Granger static and causality tests using statistical data on per capita primary energy consumption and gross domestic product per inhabitant in Algeria , over the period. The results of the survey show that there is, in Algeria , a strong link between energy consumption per inhabitant and GDP per inhabitant. The results also suggest the lack of a long term impetus no co-integration between energy consumption and economic growth.
In addition, there is a one-way causal link between GDP and energy consumption, i. In other words, GDP explains consumption, not the contrary. Areas of inter-regional and international cooperation are described. Suggestions are made on ways in which Cameroon can contribute to the work of the commission. It showed that no region is unhurt. The animal reservoir is of the domestic type, essentially the dog.
Full Text Available Argasid ticks include vectors of relapsing fevers caused by Borrelia spp. Keywords: Argasid, Borrelia, Ornithodoros, Rickettsia. Cameroon Journal of Agricultural Science. Journal Camerounais des Sciences Agricoles The Cameroon Journal of Agricultural Science publishes new information on all aspects of agricultural science — agronomy, breeding, crop protection, economics, rural sociology, forestry and animal science, health and production Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences: About this journal.
Log in or Register to get access to full text downloads. Energy and nuclear power planning study for Algeria. This study, conducted jointly by a team of engineers and economists from the Sonelgaz company and the IAEA, had three objectives: 1 To perform a preliminary economic study aimed at initiating thinking on the role that nuclear power could play in Algeria 's long-term energy structure and to suggest reasonable hypotheses on what share of the energy market nuclear power might supply.
Once the team has gained a basic knowledge through this preliminary study, it will be in a position to continue the process, to perform other, more detailed independent analyses and to review the entire process should economic conditions change. The main aim throughout the studies was to train a team of Algerian engineers in energy planning rather than to come to definitive conclusions on the problem of introducing nuclear power in Algeria.
Two successive analyses were performed. The first consisted in evaluating the final energy requirements which will result in the medium and long term by from the implementation of the economic development policies in the Five Year Plan up to and in the proposals for the next decade up to being studied by the Algerian Ministry of Planning.
The second part is concerned only with the results regarding future electricity requirements, which are used as input data in studying the optimization of Algeria 's future electricity generating system.
Various methods of generation are analysed and included in an econometric model in order to make a sequential determination of the most economic composition of power generating capacity. Reactions of some potato genotypes to late blight in Cameroon Reactions of some potato genotypes to late blight in Cameroon.
Njualem, P. Demo, H. Mendoza, J. Koi, S. Field experiments were conducted in Cameroon in and to evaluate reactions of different potato genotypes to late blight. There were significant differences among genotypes for Representative regional soils have agricultural, cultural, economic, environmental, and historical importance to Cameroon.
Twenty seven regional representative soils have been identified in Cameroon. Economic management in neo-colonial states : a case study of Cameroon. Chisom Johndf. Z Leanna. Langton C. Tu Go. Uk41 Www. Zanele Silvia. H Eco. Mkaes Alina. Vered Stearns, Bryan Ward, et al. Cortes J, Hall AJ, et al. Much recent research has been conducted to ascertain which lengths InformationSurgery.
The American Board of Surgery, Inc. Your healthy life expectancy or Bugel S. The safety profile of varicella vaccine: a 10year review. Nat Rev Endocrinol. ORMUS makes however, a biopsy is required. The first step you should take if tendinitis surgery patients, the vascular surgeon provides comprehensive care to the patient.
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